VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. It is a two-way satellite ground station with a small dish, typically 0.75 to 2.4 metres wide, and a satellite modem. A VSAT sends and receives data through a satellite to a teleport (hub) connected to the internet, giving broadband access anywhere the satellite covers, with no cable, fibre or mobile network needed.
How does a VSAT work?
A VSAT link has three parts: the terminal at your site, a satellite, and a teleport. Your data travels from the dish up to the satellite, down to the teleport, and from there onto the internet or your private network. Replies follow the same path in reverse.
Dish (reflector): focuses the satellite signal. Its size depends on the frequency band and on the signal strength in your region.
LNB (Low-Noise Block): receives the signal from the satellite and converts it for the modem.
BUC (Block Up-Converter): amplifies and transmits your data to the satellite.
Satellite modem (indoor unit): connects your router, Wi-Fi or SD-WAN to the satellite link.
Teleport (hub): the ground station that manages the network. GTT | IPSEOS operates its own teleport near Brussels, with redundant fibre to the internet backbone and a 24/7 network operations centre.
Most VSAT networks use geostationary (GEO) satellites, about 35,786 km above the equator. They stay fixed in the sky, so the dish never has to track them. A single satellite covers a whole region, which makes VSAT reliable for remote sites. The trade-off is latency: a round trip takes about 600 milliseconds.
Higher frequencies give more capacity with smaller dishes, but are more sensitive to rain fade. That is why C-band remains the reference for equatorial Africa during the rainy season. See our Ku, Ka and C-band comparison and coverage maps.
VSAT vs Starlink and OneWeb (LEO)
Starlink and OneWeb use low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations at roughly 550 km and 1,200 km. Latency drops to about 25–70 ms, close to fibre, but the terminal must be licensed in your country and the service depends on the operator's coverage there.
Choose GEO VSAT when you need committed bandwidth (CIR), a service-level agreement, a private network (VPN, MPLS, closed user group), or coverage where LEO is not yet authorised.
Choose Starlink or OneWeb for low latency: video calls, cloud applications and fast deployment.
Combine both with SD-WAN failover for critical sites: traffic switches automatically when one link degrades.
What is VSAT used for?
Internet and private networks for remote offices, camps and project sites
A Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) is a device - known as a small
private earth station - that is used to transmit & receive data
signal through a satellite.
The "very small" component of the VSAT acronym
refers to the size of the VSAT dish antenna -typically about 4 feet
(1.2 m) diameter- that is mounted on a roof, or placed on the
ground.
This antenna, along with the attached low-noise converter
(LNB-which receives satellite signals) and the transmitter
(BUC-which transmits the radio waves signals) make up the VSAT
outdoor unit (ODU), one of the two components of a VSAT earth
station.
The satellite modem which makes the connection between the
computer is named the indoor unit (IDU) and does all management of
that small private low cost earth station.
The connection is quite similar in terms of speed to an ADSL
connection. Sometimes referred to as Sat adsl or Satdsl or even
dslSat.
GTT | IPSEOS as a Professional Internet Service
Provider, offers internet and telephony services directed towards all
types of users from end-users to ISP's and Telco's throughout
the various coverage areas of the satellites (see
our satellite coverage). Covering most of Africa and Middle-East Current Services
include TDMA Dama telephony service and internet over many DVB
(digital transmission) out over various satellites.
Coverage
GTT | IPSEOS covers a very large area of the world.
The population GTT | IPSEOS reaches as an Internet Service supplier
is about 2 billion people
Installation
GTT | IPSEOS works mainly with a very large network of authorized and
qualified distributors for all the areas and countries covered by our
satellites.
A GTT | IPSEOS VSAT (iFast-IP or iFast-Pro) is installed every 3 hours.
Connection type
Mesh and Star(data & telephony)
GTT | IPSEOSoffers a two way Point-to-Multipoint
(P2MP) service. It combines state of the art VSAT technology with
unparalleled QOS, service, 24/7 control. GTT | IPSEOS
enables customers to connect remote operations/office directly to
their head offices via Internet in full star or full
mesh single hop (unique feature and service). Multiple
locations may be connected in a star IP or Voice and mesh single-hop,
voice, data, e-mail and Intranet applications.
The GTT | IPSEOSfacility is designed around VSAT equipment ranging from 75 cm to 2.4 m
antennas, and covers full duplex data communication bandwidth, ranging
from 32 kbps to 5 Mbps .
Frequencies and reliability
Our VSAT services run in C, Ku and Ka-band, alongside Starlink and OneWeb LEO, so every site gets the band that suits its climate and needs.
Expertise
GTT | IPSEOS offers a range of managed services that combine its
unrivalled technical expertise and field experience, helping customers
to take full advantage of the diverse opportunities afforded by our
private earth station, our backbone connectivity in Belgium and our
satellite fleet.
GTT | IPSEOS has been
present on the telecom market for over 20 years.
VSAT: frequently asked questions
What is the full form of VSAT?
VSAT is short for Very Small Aperture Terminal. "Aperture" refers to the dish antenna, which is small compared with the large antennas of a teleport.
How fast is VSAT internet?
Speeds depend on the band and the plan. Modern HTS services reach tens to hundreds of Mbps, and dedicated links can be sized to your needs.
Does rain affect VSAT?
Heavy rain can weaken Ku-band and especially Ka-band signals. C-band is barely affected, and a correctly sized dish keeps the link available through the rainy season.
Is VSAT better than Starlink?
Neither is better in every case. VSAT offers committed bandwidth and wide coverage, Starlink offers low latency. Many organisations use both with automatic failover.
Do I need a licence to use a VSAT?
Most countries require a licence for satellite terminals. GTT | IPSEOS tells you what applies in your country and helps with the formalities.